Design of Instructional Materials with the Cooperative Learning Model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) for Junior High School

Abstract

This study addresses the low student engagement and limited learning outcomes in biology lessons, particularly on the human excretory system in junior high schools. These issues are linked to the absence of instructional materials aligned with the 2013 Curriculum (K-13), which emphasizes active, collaborative, and student-centered learning. The aim of this research was to design instructional materials based on the cooperative learning model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) to strengthen students’ conceptual understanding and active participation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative design focusing on the development of a Lesson Plan (RPP) for Grade VIII students. The procedures included curriculum and competency analysis, review of textbooks, formulation of learning indicators and objectives, selection of learning methods and media, and preparation of evaluation tools. Validation was conducted through literature review and expert judgment to ensure feasibility and relevance. The results showed that the RPP was successfully developed for two face-to-face meetings. The design incorporated KD 3.10, emphasizing analysis of the human excretory system, understanding disorders, and identifying health maintenance efforts. The learning process followed three stages introduction, core, and closing, implemented using the NHT syntax: numbering, questioning, thinking together, and answering. Supporting media included videos and PowerPoint, while evaluation used multiple-choice tests at cognitive levels C1–C4. The study concludes that the designed RPP is consistent with curriculum standards and has the potential to improve student engagement and outcomes.